CHAPITRE II - Motives which have to steer the courtesans.

When a courtesan loves the man to whom she gives himself, her acts are natural; when, on the contrary, she ( it ? ) has in mind only the money ( silver ? ), they are artificial or forced. In that case, she however has to behave as if she really liked ( loved ? ), because the men ( people ? ) trust in the women who appear to like ( love ? ) them (_App ._ 1). By asserting her love, she has to seem selfless ( disinterested ? ), and, not to compromise her credit, she has to refrain from appropriating some money ( silver ? ) by illegitimate means [ 77 ].

[ Note 77: Ovide, _Art to like ( love ? ) _, delivers III. « Women, use ( wear out ? ) at first dissimulation and from the first access do not show your greed; in the sight of the trap which we tighten ( stretch out to ? ) him ( her ? ), a new lover escapes and runs away. »

As well as we see him ( it ? ) farther, there is, with the eyes of Vatsyayana, the other illegitimate means to acquire some money ( silver ? ) that the through flight.]

A courtesan has to behave ( hold ? ) well adorned in the door of her house, and, without showing itself too much, looking in the street so as to be seen as an object on a display. She has to bind ( connect ? ) friendship with the persons who can help him ( it ? ) to kidnap men ( people ? ) of the other women and to grow rich, either to protect her ( it ? ) against the insults or the humiliations; such are the nurses of city or police, the agents and satellites of the courts, the astrologers, the powerful men ( people ? ) or the lenders of money ( silver ? ), the scholars, the bosses of sixty four liberal arts, the clowns, the tumblers, the traders of flowers, the perfumers, the débitants, the washers, the barbers and the beggars; and quite other persons who can be of use to him ( her ? ) for a some purpose.

The men ( people ? ) whom she can take only for their money ( silver ? ) are those who are in legal ownership of their inheritance; young people; the men ( people ? ) who are free of any link; the public civil servants; those who have incomes or assured ( insured ? ) livelihood; bellâtres, boasters, eunuches who hide their state; the men ( people ? ) who hate their equals; those who are naturally generous; those who have of the credit with king and Ministers; the always happy men ( people ? ) in their companies; those who are proud of their wealth, the brothers who break their elder sons ( brothers ? ), the men ( people ? ) on whom the members of their caste hold the opened eye; the unique ( only ? ) sons ( threads ? ) of rich fathers, the ascètes tourmented by the prickles of the flesh [ 78 ], the brave men ( people ? ), the doctor of king, the former ( old ? ) knowledge.

[ Note 78: we see that ascètes brahmaniques often succumbed to the temptation, because Vatsyayana recommends to the courtesans to tempt them.]

The courtesan can have reports ( connections ? ) with men ( people ? ) endowed with excellent qualities, only by love or by self-esteem, such are:

The men ( people ? ) of high birth (_App ._ 2), the scholars, the men ( people ? ) of good company and good behaviour, the poets (_App ._ 3), the pleasant narrators; the eloquent or energetic or skillful men ( people ? ) in varied arts; the soothsayers, the big spirits; the men ( people ? ) of a big perseverance, those of a firm worship; those who never get angry; those who are generous, liked to their relatives ( parents ? ), who like all the amusements of company ( society ? ); those who are exercised to end verses begun with the others and in the other games of spirit; those who have a very beautiful health or a perfect body or a very big force; those who never drink with intemperance, those who are powerful, sociable, liking the sex and gaining ( winning ? ) hearts, without being completely allowed dominate; those who ignore the envy ( urge ? ) or the jealous suspicions (_App ._ 4).

As for the courtesan, she must be beautiful and pleasant ( kind ? ) and have on the body of the signs of good fortune-teller. She has to like the good qualities at the men ( people ? ), while pursuing the wealth. She has to take pleasure in the sexual intercourses resulting from the love and to be for these unions of the same caste as the men ( people ? ) in whom she is engaged ( surrenders ? ). She has to try ceaselessly to increase her experience ( experiment ? ) and her talents, to show itself always liberal and to like the pleasures and the arts [ 79 ].

The author enumerates then the qualities that all the women have to possess. They are those that we can ask them in any country, and, besides, for the knowledge of Kama-Soutra_ and sixty four talents that he ( it ? ) teaches [80].

[ Note 79: it is the qualities which we find generally in Europe at the women of theater.]

[ Note 80: in this long and dry enumeration we shall substitute the lessons that Ovide looks to the beautiful onto the qualities and the manners which they have to have; refer to N 3 of the Appendix of the chapter III of the title I.]

The list of the men ( people ? ) comes then which the courtesans have to avoid. It is the same that in any country and besides: the magicians, the men ( people ? ) who are allowed buy, even by their own enemies, finally the shy men ( people ? ) from the excess (_App ._ 5).

According to the opinion of some former ( ancient ? ) casuists, adds the author, the courtesans can give themselves by love, fear, vengeance, sorrow or resentment, curiosity, and for the money ( silver ? ), the pleasure or the diligence and the constancy of reports ( connections ? ), to be made a friend or get rid of a troublesome love; because of the dharma ( religious merit), of the celebrity and of the resemblance with a liked person, of the constancy or of the poverty of a man, or his cohabitation in the same place, or because he ( it ? ) is of the same number as her ( it ? ) for the sexual intercourse, or finally to make some blow of fortune.

But Vatsyayana decides that the only motives of a courtesan have to be: the love, the desire to escape the misery and that to acquire the wealth.

The money ( silver ? ) has to be its main objective and she does not have to sacrifice him ( it ? ) to the love. But, in case of fear or of difficulties surmounting, she can consider the force or the other qualities.

Besides, when a man, whatever it is, asks her ( it ? ) to unite with him, she has to, to push forward, not agree in succession and inquire about him by skillful and sure accomplices (_App_. 6). When she ( it ? ) has the certainty that, in the one who looks for her ( it ? ), everything is as one pleases, she ( it ? ) uses ( employs ? ) Vita and other intermediaries to become attached to him ( her;it ? ).

One of them the affable to her or leads ( drives ? ) her ( it ? ) at him, under some excuse. She ( it ? ) receives him ( it ? ) from sound better, makes him ( her ? ) some present which awakens its curiosity and his ( her ? ) love; for example, an affectionate gift ( donation ? ), by saying to him ( her ? ) that he ( it ? ) was intended for him ( her ? ): she ( it ? ) amuses him ( it ? ) for a long time by a conversation and pleasant stories and by making what he likes, as of the music, the song. When he ( it ? ) returned at him, she ( it ? ) sends him ( her ? ) frequently a following one exercised in the pleasant comments and who puts back to ( hands ? ) him ( her ? ) a small present.

She ( It ? ) returns him ( her ? ) herself ( itself ? ), under business excuse, some visits being accompanied with Pithamarda.

There are some verses on this subject:

« When his ( her ? ) lover comes to see her ( it ? ), the courtesan gives him ( her ? ) a mixture of sheets ( leaves ? ) and nut of béthel, festoons of flowers and fragrant ointments. »

« Having shown her ( its ? ) skill in the liberal arts (the song, the dance, etc.), she ( it ? ) amuses him ( it ? ) for a long time with her ( its ? ) conversation. »

« She ( it ? ) also makes him ( her ? ) some presents of love, and makes with him an exchange of objects in aid of each of them; at the same time she ( it ? ) shows him ( her ? ) her ( its ? ) skill in sixty four sensual delights. »

« When a courtesan is in these terms with her lover, she has to captivate him ( it ? ) by affectionate presents, by her conversation and by soft pleasures which she makes him ( her ? ) taste. »